Types of Electric Vehicles : BEVs, HEVs, PHEVs & More

Electric Vehicles are all the rage these days, and yet many of their technical aspects are shrouded in mystery. A lot of their smaller details are less well known to the general public, and hence there can sometimes be a few information gaps when it comes to them making a final purchase decision.

So let’s take this moment to explore all the various types of electric vehicles in detail, including: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs).

Let’s also explore why it is important to be familiar with all of them. Alongside other aspects like: types of motors used in electric vehicles, types of batteries in electric vehicles, types of electric vehicle motors and types of electric vehicle chargers. And see how they all connect together in the bigger picture.

Once you’ve taken the journey with us, you’ll have a clear picture of these categories and how these affect performance, cost, and environmental sustainability.

So without further ado, let’s get started.

Types of Electric Vehicles

The EV revolution has captured the imagination (and sustainable ethos) of commuters and given us all a new vehicular future to look forward to. However, little is known about the types of EVs and their effects on the urban centers that are on the rise.

So let’s dive in. Electric Vehicles come in several varieties, each designed for a different need and driving conditions. Here are some of the main types of electric vehicles:

1. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are beloved because they produce zero tailpipe emissions and are fully electric vehicles powered solely by rechargeable batteries. In that sense, their performance is like the flowing wind: quiet but fast.

Examples of this type of EVs include: Tata Nexon EV, MG ZS EV.

2. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) combine a petrol/diesel engine with an electric motor. These vehicles don’t require external charging, as the battery is charged through regenerative braking and through its engine. 

Examples of this type of EVs include: Toyota Camry Hybrid, Honda City Hybrid.

3. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are something akin to a spiritual sibling to HEVs. Except for the fact that  PHEVs have a larger battery life and can be charged externally. They’re a good option because they offer the flexibility of both electric and petrol power. 

Examples of this type of EVs include: Volvo XC90 PHEV, BMW 530e.

4. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) use hydrogen to produce electricity. They are particularly known for faster refueling times and offer a promising popular alternative as hydrogen infrastructure develops rapidly.

An example of this type of EV is: Toyota Mirai.

These categories offer a broad-strokes view of the different types of electric vehicles, according to industry experts.

Learning about them can seriously help you find the vehicle that’s a match for you. Anyhow, whenever you find yourself in the EV thicket and need a handy guide, reference the table below for the highlights:

The Indian Government has put together a handy guide to learn more about types of EVs. Check it out here.

Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Hybrids are a popular range amongst the various types of hybrid electric vehicles. 

Understandably, this is a great option for those who still prefer traditional petrol but look forward to EVs and their technological innovations. In that sense, they do bring together the best of both worlds. 

So let’s see what types of hybrid EVs are popularly regarded: 

• Series Hybrid: The electric motor solely drives the vehicle; the combustion engine acts as a generator.
• Parallel Hybrid: Both the engine and electric motor work together to propel the vehicle.
• Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV): Combines both series and parallel modes with external charging capability.

Of course, the latest technological advancements are offering new and improved categories in every type. But the important thing is to choose the right one for your lifestyle and sustainability goals.

Check this article out to learn more about types of Hybrid EVs.

Types of Motors and Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

What makes an EV special? 

On first glance, one might say it’s the technological specifications. While that is correct, an important thing to note is that the electric motor itself can often be at the heart of the EV.

Let’s understand all the various types of electric motors and what makes them unique.

Here are the Types of Motors Used in Electric Vehicles: 

• Brushed DC Motors: Traditional, simple design but less efficient.
• Brushless DC Motors (BLDC): More efficient and widely used in modern EVs.
• Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): High efficiency and excellent torque.
• Induction Motors: Rugged and reliable, used in several high-performance EVs.

So, which one caught your eye? Which one speaks to your needs most? Head here to learn more about motors.

Types of Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Apart from the motor, the battery is just as significant if not more. Battery technology, after all, is at the core of electric mobility. There are a few primary types of batteries in electric vehicles and they include: 

• Lithium-ion Batteries: High energy density and long life; the most popular choice.
• Lead-acid Batteries: Older technology; heavier and less efficient.
• Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries: Used in some hybrid vehicles.
• Solid-state Batteries: Emerging technology with potential for improved safety and higher energy density.

So yes, in a nutshell, it’s important to choose the right type of battery. The good news is that advancements in the variety of EV charging devices (fast chargers, smart chargers, wireless chargers, etc.) give users plenty of options in choosing the battery most convenient for them.

Want to learn about batteries in-depth? Check this resource out for a complete download.

FAQs

Which type of electric vehicle is best?

Depends on user preference. For city commuting, BEVs are ideal. On the other hand, for longer journeys, PHEVs or even HEVs may be more practical.

How long do electric vehicle batteries last?

Most lithium-ion batteries that are used in EVs can last between 8 to 10 years. Of course, this does depend on usage and maintenance. Learn more about EV batteries and their usage here.

Are hybrid cars better than fully electric cars?

Hybrids do offer flexibility with both petrol and electric power, whereas BEVs are completely emission-free. So it does come down to what you want to prioritize. 

What is the most efficient electric motor for vehicles?

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are among the most efficient, offering excellent torque and performance.

Conclusion 

As is with any segment that grows as fast as this one, new developments are always coming to the fore. In the years to come, we expect rapid movement in matters of types of electric vehicles, batteries, and motors. 

As an active consumer, it’s important to keep updated on any and all activity in the sector. So that you can ensure your product choices evolve in accordance to your needs, as well as the products in the market.

So, what are you waiting for? Which EV will you choose? Head here to pick from all the options!